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    <title>Projects on Nick Liu - Software Engineer</title>
    <link>/projects/</link>
    <description>Recent content in Projects on Nick Liu - Software Engineer</description>
    <generator>Hugo -- gohugo.io</generator>
    <language>en</language>
    <managingEditor>nickboy@users.noreply.github.com (Nick Liu)</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>nickboy@users.noreply.github.com (Nick Liu)</webMaster>
    <copyright>2026 Nick Liu</copyright>
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    <item>
      <title>AWS Billing Unbilled Usage Auditor</title>
      <link>/projects/aws-billing-auditor/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <author>nickboy@users.noreply.github.com (Nick Liu)</author>
      <guid>/projects/aws-billing-auditor/</guid>
      <description>&lt;div class=&#34;lead text-neutral-500 dark:text-neutral-400 !mb-9 text-xl&#34;&gt;&#xA;  Designed and built a distributed system that detects unbilled usage across all AWS services — reducing charge discrepancies by &lt;strong&gt;300x&lt;/strong&gt; and eliminating &lt;strong&gt;230 million&lt;/strong&gt; monthly false positives.&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2 class=&#34;relative group&#34;&gt;Key Metrics&#xA;    &lt;div id=&#34;key-metrics&#34; class=&#34;anchor&#34;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;span&#xA;        class=&#34;absolute top-0 w-6 transition-opacity opacity-0 -start-6 not-prose group-hover:opacity-100 select-none&#34;&gt;&#xA;        &lt;a class=&#34;text-primary-300 dark:text-neutral-700 !no-underline&#34; href=&#34;#key-metrics&#34; aria-label=&#34;Anchor&#34;&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/span&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&#34;flex flex-row flex-wrap items-center space-x-2&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&#34;flex mt-2&#34;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;span&#xA;    class=&#34;rounded-full bg-primary-500 dark:bg-primary-400 text-neutral-50 dark:text-neutral-800 px-1.5 py-[1px] text-xs font-normal&#34;&gt;&#xA;    &lt;span class=&#34;flex flex-row items-center&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;300x Reduction in Discrepancies&lt;/span&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/span&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/span&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&#34;flex mt-2&#34;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;span&#xA;    class=&#34;rounded-full bg-primary-500 dark:bg-primary-400 text-neutral-50 dark:text-neutral-800 px-1.5 py-[1px] text-xs font-normal&#34;&gt;&#xA;    &lt;span class=&#34;flex flex-row items-center&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;$125,000 → $432&lt;/span&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/span&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/span&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&#34;flex mt-2&#34;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;span&#xA;    class=&#34;rounded-full bg-primary-500 dark:bg-primary-400 text-neutral-50 dark:text-neutral-800 px-1.5 py-[1px] text-xs font-normal&#34;&gt;&#xA;    &lt;span class=&#34;flex flex-row items-center&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;230M False Positives Eliminated&lt;/span&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/span&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/span&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&#34;flex mt-2&#34;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;span&#xA;    class=&#34;rounded-full bg-primary-500 dark:bg-primary-400 text-neutral-50 dark:text-neutral-800 px-1.5 py-[1px] text-xs font-normal&#34;&gt;&#xA;    &lt;span class=&#34;flex flex-row items-center&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;~95% Alert Actionability&lt;/span&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/span&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/span&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2 class=&#34;relative group&#34;&gt;Architecture&#xA;    &lt;div id=&#34;architecture&#34; class=&#34;anchor&#34;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;span&#xA;        class=&#34;absolute top-0 w-6 transition-opacity opacity-0 -start-6 not-prose group-hover:opacity-100 select-none&#34;&gt;&#xA;        &lt;a class=&#34;text-primary-300 dark:text-neutral-700 !no-underline&#34; href=&#34;#architecture&#34; aria-label=&#34;Anchor&#34;&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/span&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre class=&#34;not-prose mermaid&#34;&gt;&#xA;flowchart LR&#xA;    A[&#34;Usage Records\n(Billions/day)&#34;] --&gt; B[&#34;Smart Sampling\n&amp; Aggregation&#34;]&#xA;    B --&gt; C[&#34;Multi-Signal\nValidation&#34;]&#xA;    C --&gt; D[&#34;Automated\nResolution&#34;]&#xA;    D --&gt; E{Real issue?}&#xA;    E -- Yes --&gt; F[&#34;Alert with\nDiagnosis&#34;]&#xA;    E -- No --&gt; G[&#34;Auto-resolve\n&amp; Log&#34;]&#xA;    style B fill:#6366f1,color:#fff&#xA;    style C fill:#6366f1,color:#fff&#xA;    style D fill:#6366f1,color:#fff&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2 class=&#34;relative group&#34;&gt;Technical Deep Dive&#xA;    &lt;div id=&#34;technical-deep-dive&#34; class=&#34;anchor&#34;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;span&#xA;        class=&#34;absolute top-0 w-6 transition-opacity opacity-0 -start-6 not-prose group-hover:opacity-100 select-none&#34;&gt;&#xA;        &lt;a class=&#34;text-primary-300 dark:text-neutral-700 !no-underline&#34; href=&#34;#technical-deep-dive&#34; aria-label=&#34;Anchor&#34;&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/span&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;div&#xA;  class=&#34;tab__container w-full&#34;&#xA;  &#xA;  &gt;&#xA;  &lt;div class=&#34;tab__nav&#34; role=&#34;tablist&#34;&gt;&#xA;    &lt;div class=&#34;flex flex-wrap gap-1&#34;&gt;&lt;button&#xA;          class=&#34;tab__button px-3 py-2 text-sm font-semibold border-b-2 border-transparent rounded-t-md hover:bg-neutral-200 dark:hover:bg-neutral-700 tab--active&#34;&#xA;          role=&#34;tab&#34;&#xA;          aria-selected=&#34;true&#34;&#xA;          data-tab-index=&#34;0&#34;&#xA;          data-tab-label=&#34;&#34;&gt;&#xA;          &lt;span class=&#34;flex items-center gap-1&#34;&gt;&#xA;            &#xA;            &#xA;          &lt;/span&gt;&#xA;        &lt;/button&gt;&lt;button&#xA;          class=&#34;tab__button px-3 py-2 text-sm font-semibold border-b-2 border-transparent rounded-t-md hover:bg-neutral-200 dark:hover:bg-neutral-700 &#34;&#xA;          role=&#34;tab&#34;&#xA;          aria-selected=&#34;false&#34;&#xA;          data-tab-index=&#34;1&#34;&#xA;          data-tab-label=&#34;&#34;&gt;&#xA;          &lt;span class=&#34;flex items-center gap-1&#34;&gt;&#xA;            &#xA;            &#xA;          &lt;/span&gt;&#xA;        &lt;/button&gt;&lt;button&#xA;          class=&#34;tab__button px-3 py-2 text-sm font-semibold border-b-2 border-transparent rounded-t-md hover:bg-neutral-200 dark:hover:bg-neutral-700 &#34;&#xA;          role=&#34;tab&#34;&#xA;          aria-selected=&#34;false&#34;&#xA;          data-tab-index=&#34;2&#34;&#xA;          data-tab-label=&#34;&#34;&gt;&#xA;          &lt;span class=&#34;flex items-center gap-1&#34;&gt;&#xA;            &#xA;            &#xA;          &lt;/span&gt;&#xA;        &lt;/button&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/div&gt;&#xA;  &lt;div class=&#34;tab__content mt-4&#34;&gt;&lt;div class=&#34;tab__panel tab--active&#34; data-tab-index=&#34;0&#34;&gt;&#xA;        &lt;h3 class=&#34;relative group&#34;&gt;Aggregation over Brute-Force&#xA;    &lt;div id=&#34;aggregation-over-brute-force&#34; class=&#34;anchor&#34;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;span&#xA;        class=&#34;absolute top-0 w-6 transition-opacity opacity-0 -start-6 not-prose group-hover:opacity-100 select-none&#34;&gt;&#xA;        &lt;a class=&#34;text-primary-300 dark:text-neutral-700 !no-underline&#34; href=&#34;#aggregation-over-brute-force&#34; aria-label=&#34;Anchor&#34;&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/span&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Instead of checking every individual usage record (which generated 230M false positives), the system aggregates at the &lt;strong&gt;service-account-period&lt;/strong&gt; level.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      
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    <item>
      <title>Twitter Fleet-Scale Kernel Automation</title>
      <link>/projects/twitter-fleet-automation/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <author>nickboy@users.noreply.github.com (Nick Liu)</author>
      <guid>/projects/twitter-fleet-automation/</guid>
      <description>&lt;div class=&#34;lead text-neutral-500 dark:text-neutral-400 !mb-9 text-xl&#34;&gt;&#xA;  Built the automation and validation tooling to manage kernel updates across &lt;strong&gt;5,000+ production servers&lt;/strong&gt; at Twitter — with zero-downtime progressive rollouts and automated canary validation.&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2 class=&#34;relative group&#34;&gt;Key Metrics&#xA;    &lt;div id=&#34;key-metrics&#34; class=&#34;anchor&#34;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;span&#xA;        class=&#34;absolute top-0 w-6 transition-opacity opacity-0 -start-6 not-prose group-hover:opacity-100 select-none&#34;&gt;&#xA;        &lt;a class=&#34;text-primary-300 dark:text-neutral-700 !no-underline&#34; href=&#34;#key-metrics&#34; aria-label=&#34;Anchor&#34;&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/span&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&#34;flex flex-row flex-wrap items-center space-x-2&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&#34;flex mt-2&#34;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;span&#xA;    class=&#34;rounded-full bg-primary-500 dark:bg-primary-400 text-neutral-50 dark:text-neutral-800 px-1.5 py-[1px] text-xs font-normal&#34;&gt;&#xA;    &lt;span class=&#34;flex flex-row items-center&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;5,000+ Production Hosts&lt;/span&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/span&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/span&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&#34;flex mt-2&#34;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;span&#xA;    class=&#34;rounded-full bg-primary-500 dark:bg-primary-400 text-neutral-50 dark:text-neutral-800 px-1.5 py-[1px] text-xs font-normal&#34;&gt;&#xA;    &lt;span class=&#34;flex flex-row items-center&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;Weeks → Days Rollout Time&lt;/span&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/span&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/span&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&#34;flex mt-2&#34;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;span&#xA;    class=&#34;rounded-full bg-primary-500 dark:bg-primary-400 text-neutral-50 dark:text-neutral-800 px-1.5 py-[1px] text-xs font-normal&#34;&gt;&#xA;    &lt;span class=&#34;flex flex-row items-center&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;140+ Tickets in One On-Call Week&lt;/span&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/span&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/span&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&#34;flex mt-2&#34;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;span&#xA;    class=&#34;rounded-full bg-primary-500 dark:bg-primary-400 text-neutral-50 dark:text-neutral-800 px-1.5 py-[1px] text-xs font-normal&#34;&gt;&#xA;    &lt;span class=&#34;flex flex-row items-center&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;Zero-Downtime Updates&lt;/span&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/span&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/span&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2 class=&#34;relative group&#34;&gt;Architecture&#xA;    &lt;div id=&#34;architecture&#34; class=&#34;anchor&#34;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;span&#xA;        class=&#34;absolute top-0 w-6 transition-opacity opacity-0 -start-6 not-prose group-hover:opacity-100 select-none&#34;&gt;&#xA;        &lt;a class=&#34;text-primary-300 dark:text-neutral-700 !no-underline&#34; href=&#34;#architecture&#34; aria-label=&#34;Anchor&#34;&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/span&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre class=&#34;not-prose mermaid&#34;&gt;&#xA;flowchart LR&#xA;    A[&#34;New Kernel\nVersion&#34;] --&gt; B[&#34;Canary\nValidation&#34;]&#xA;    B --&gt; C[&#34;Wave 1\n1% Fleet&#34;]&#xA;    C --&gt; D[&#34;Wave 2\n5% Fleet&#34;]&#xA;    D --&gt; E[&#34;Wave 3\n25% Fleet&#34;]&#xA;    E --&gt; F[&#34;Full Fleet\nRollout&#34;]&#xA;    C -- anomaly --&gt; G[&#34;Pause &amp;\nAuto-Alert&#34;]&#xA;    D -- anomaly --&gt; G&#xA;    E -- anomaly --&gt; G&#xA;    style B fill:#6366f1,color:#fff&#xA;    style C fill:#6366f1,color:#fff&#xA;    style D fill:#6366f1,color:#fff&#xA;    style E fill:#6366f1,color:#fff&#xA;    style F fill:#6366f1,color:#fff&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2 class=&#34;relative group&#34;&gt;Technical Deep Dive&#xA;    &lt;div id=&#34;technical-deep-dive&#34; class=&#34;anchor&#34;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;span&#xA;        class=&#34;absolute top-0 w-6 transition-opacity opacity-0 -start-6 not-prose group-hover:opacity-100 select-none&#34;&gt;&#xA;        &lt;a class=&#34;text-primary-300 dark:text-neutral-700 !no-underline&#34; href=&#34;#technical-deep-dive&#34; aria-label=&#34;Anchor&#34;&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/span&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;div&#xA;  class=&#34;tab__container w-full&#34;&#xA;  &#xA;  &gt;&#xA;  &lt;div class=&#34;tab__nav&#34; role=&#34;tablist&#34;&gt;&#xA;    &lt;div class=&#34;flex flex-wrap gap-1&#34;&gt;&lt;button&#xA;          class=&#34;tab__button px-3 py-2 text-sm font-semibold border-b-2 border-transparent rounded-t-md hover:bg-neutral-200 dark:hover:bg-neutral-700 tab--active&#34;&#xA;          role=&#34;tab&#34;&#xA;          aria-selected=&#34;true&#34;&#xA;          data-tab-index=&#34;0&#34;&#xA;          data-tab-label=&#34;&#34;&gt;&#xA;          &lt;span class=&#34;flex items-center gap-1&#34;&gt;&#xA;            &#xA;            &#xA;          &lt;/span&gt;&#xA;        &lt;/button&gt;&lt;button&#xA;          class=&#34;tab__button px-3 py-2 text-sm font-semibold border-b-2 border-transparent rounded-t-md hover:bg-neutral-200 dark:hover:bg-neutral-700 &#34;&#xA;          role=&#34;tab&#34;&#xA;          aria-selected=&#34;false&#34;&#xA;          data-tab-index=&#34;1&#34;&#xA;          data-tab-label=&#34;&#34;&gt;&#xA;          &lt;span class=&#34;flex items-center gap-1&#34;&gt;&#xA;            &#xA;            &#xA;          &lt;/span&gt;&#xA;        &lt;/button&gt;&lt;button&#xA;          class=&#34;tab__button px-3 py-2 text-sm font-semibold border-b-2 border-transparent rounded-t-md hover:bg-neutral-200 dark:hover:bg-neutral-700 &#34;&#xA;          role=&#34;tab&#34;&#xA;          aria-selected=&#34;false&#34;&#xA;          data-tab-index=&#34;2&#34;&#xA;          data-tab-label=&#34;&#34;&gt;&#xA;          &lt;span class=&#34;flex items-center gap-1&#34;&gt;&#xA;            &#xA;            &#xA;          &lt;/span&gt;&#xA;        &lt;/button&gt;&lt;button&#xA;          class=&#34;tab__button px-3 py-2 text-sm font-semibold border-b-2 border-transparent rounded-t-md hover:bg-neutral-200 dark:hover:bg-neutral-700 &#34;&#xA;          role=&#34;tab&#34;&#xA;          aria-selected=&#34;false&#34;&#xA;          data-tab-index=&#34;3&#34;&#xA;          data-tab-label=&#34;&#34;&gt;&#xA;          &lt;span class=&#34;flex items-center gap-1&#34;&gt;&#xA;            &#xA;            &#xA;          &lt;/span&gt;&#xA;        &lt;/button&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/div&gt;&#xA;  &lt;div class=&#34;tab__content mt-4&#34;&gt;&lt;div class=&#34;tab__panel tab--active&#34; data-tab-index=&#34;0&#34;&gt;&#xA;        &#xA;&lt;h3 class=&#34;relative group&#34;&gt;Validate Before You Roll&#xA;    &lt;div id=&#34;validate-before-you-roll&#34; class=&#34;anchor&#34;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;span&#xA;        class=&#34;absolute top-0 w-6 transition-opacity opacity-0 -start-6 not-prose group-hover:opacity-100 select-none&#34;&gt;&#xA;        &lt;a class=&#34;text-primary-300 dark:text-neutral-700 !no-underline&#34; href=&#34;#validate-before-you-roll&#34; aria-label=&#34;Anchor&#34;&gt;#&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;    &lt;/span&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A &lt;strong&gt;Python library&lt;/strong&gt; that validates kernel safety before fleet-wide rollout:&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      
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